Marine monitoring in transition: On the verge of technological revolution?

Efforts to renew marine ecosystem monitoring include advanced technology and cost-effective methods have been repeatedly called for. The current environmental legislation in European Union (EU) requires also beyond the scope of conventional sampling strategies. Despite several studies showing benefits new methods, progress adopt national programmes under legal requirements has slow. In this study, we reviewed use a set EU strategy framework directive (MSFD), which calls for holistic view environment thus tens parameters by different methods. Here assess how widely are being adopted member states implementing MSFD. Our results show relatively high adoption rate certain while others ignored. We compare with strategies four regional sea conventions. argue that may positively influence